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According to Wallen, expectations will nonetheless play a role in how girls perform academically. For example, if females skilled in math are told a test is "gender neutral" they achieve high scores, but if they are told males outperformed females in the past, the females will do much worse. "What’s strange is," Wallen observed, "according to the research, all one apparently has to do is tell a woman who has a lifetime of socialization of being poor in math that a math test is gender neutral, and all effects of that socialization go away." Author Judith Harris has said that aside from their genetic contribution, the nurturing provided by parents likely has less long-term influence over their offspring than other environmental aspects such as the children's peer group. In England, studies by the National Literacy Trust have shown girls score consistently higher than boys in all scholastic areas from the ages of 7 through 16, with the most striking differences noted in reading and writing skills. Historically, girls lagged on standardized tests. In 1996 the average score of 503 for US girls from all races on the SAT verbal test was 4 points lower than boys. In math, the average for girls was 492, which was 35 points lower than boys. "When girls take the exact same courses," commented Wayne Camara, a research scientist with the College Board, "that 35-point gap dissipates quite a bit." At the time Leslie R. Wolfe, president of the Center for Women Policy Studies said girls scored differently on the math tests because they tend to work the problems out while boys use "test-taking tricks" such as immediately checking the answers already given in multiple-choice questions. Wolfe said girls are steady and thorough while "boys play this test like a pin-ball machine." Wolfe also said although girls had lower SAT scores they consistently get higher grades than boys across all courses their first year in college. By 2006 girls were outscoring boys on the verbal portion of the SAT by 11 points. A 2005 University of Chicago study showed that a majority presence of girls in the classroom tends to enhance the academic performance of boys.
In Europe, some early paintings featuring girls were Petrus Christus' ''Portrait of a Young Girl'' (about 1460), Juan de Flandes' ''Portrait of a Young Girl'' (about 1505), Frans Hals' ''Die Amme mit dem Kind'' in 1620, Diego Velázquez' ''Las Meninas'' in 1656, Jan Steen's ''The Feast of St. Nicolas'' (about 1660) and Johannes Vermeer's ''Girl with a Pearl Earring'' along with ''Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window''. Later paintings of girls include Albert Anker's portrait of a ''Girl with a Domino Tower'' and Camille Pissarro's 1883 ''Portrait of a Felix Daughter''.
American paintings featuring girls include Mary Cassatt's 1884 ''Children on the Beach'' and Whistler's ''Harmony in Gray and Green: Miss Cicely Alexander'' and ''The White Girl'' (shown at right).
Many novels begin with the childhood of their heroine, such as ''Jane Eyre'' who suffers ill treatment or Natasha in ''War and Peace'', who is sentimentalized. Other novels include Harper Lee's ''To Kill a Mockingbird'' in which a young girl is protagonist. Vladimir Nabokov's controversial book ''Lolita'' (1955) is about a doomed relationship between a 12 year old girl and an adult scholar as they travel across the United States. ''Memoirs of a Geisha'' by Arthur Golden begins as the female main character and her sister are dropped off in the pleasure district after being separated from their family.
''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' by Lewis Carroll featured a widely noted female protagonist. Moreover, Carroll's photographs of girls are often cited in histories of photographic art.
European fairy tales have preserved memorable stories about girls. Among these are ''Goldilocks and the Three Bears'', ''Rapunzel'', Hans Christian Andersen's ''The Little Match Girl'', ''The Little Mermaid'', ''The Princess and the Pea'' and the Brothers Grimm's ''Little Red Riding Hood''.
Children's books about girls include ''Alice in Wonderland'', ''Heidi'', ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'', the Nancy Drew series, ''Little House on the Prairie'', ''Madeline'', ''Pippi Longstocking'', ''A Wrinkle in Time'', ''Dragonsong'', and Little Women. Books which have both boy and girl protagonists have tended to focus more on the boys, but important girl characters appear in ''Knight's Castle'', ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'', ''The Book of Three'' and the Harry Potter series.
There have been many American comic books and comic strips featuring a girl as the main character such as Little Lulu and Little Orphan Annie. In superhero comic books an early girl character was Etta Candy, one of Wonder Woman's sidekicks. In the Peanuts series (by Charles Schulz) girl characters include Peppermint Patty, Lucy van Pelt and Sally Brown.
In Japanese animated cartoons and comic books girls are often protagonists. Most of Hayao Miyazaki's animated films feature a young girl heroine, as in ''Majo no takkyūbin'' (Kiki's Delivery Service). There are many other girl protagonists in the Shōjo style of manga, which is targeted to girls as an audience. Among these are ''The Wallflower'', ''Ceres, Celestial Legend'', Tokyo Mew Mew and ''Full Moon o Sagashite''. Meanwhile, some genres of Japanese cartoons may feature sexualized and objectified portrayals of girls.
The term ''girl'' is widely heard in the lyrics of popular music (such as with the song "About a Girl"), most often meaning a young adult or teenaged female.
Category:Childhood Category:Terms for females
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| name | Richie Spice |
|---|---|
| background | solo_singer |
| birth name | Richell Bonner |
| origin | Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica |
| instrument | Vocals |
| genre | Reggae |
| notable instruments | }} |
Richie Spice (born Richell Bonner on September 8, 1971 in Rock Hall, St. Andrew, Jamaica) is a Jamaican reggae artist. He is a member of the Rastafari movement. Some of his most famous songs include, "Youth Dem Cold", "Groovin' My Girl", "Earth A Run Red", "Marijuana" and "The Plane Land". He is one of the Bonner brothers all of whom are reggae artists, including Pliers and Spanner Banner.
Having gained popularity in the mid-'90s, Spice has performed at all major shows staged locally namely Reggae Sun Splash (a paid tribute by him to Bob Marley), White River Reggae Bash, Rebel Salute and many others. Spice has opened shows for the likes of Chaka Demus and Pliers, Spanner Banner and Rita Marley on extensive tours of Europe and the United States 1996-1997.
He again toured East North America from June to September 2001. His increased popularity has gained him spots at numerous venues. His most recent projects include performances at Sting held at Jam World St. Catherine (December 26, 2002) and Sting Miami (March 2003).
More recently, a remix of one of his more popular tracks, "Marijuana" by Digital Mystikz's Coki, re-named "Burnin'" has focused more attention to him in the blossoming dubstep scene coming out of the UK. The original version of "Marijuana" also appears on the "These Are Serious Times" modern reggae compilation on XL Recordings.
His song 'Youth Dem Cold' was featured on Grand Theft Auto IV's Massive B Soundsytem 96.9 and the end credits of Attack the Block.
Category:Jamaican reggae musicians Category:Jamaican Rastafarians Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:People from Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica
de:Richie Spice es:Richie Spice fr:Richie Spice sw:Richie Spice ht:Richie Spice nl:Richie Spice pt:Richie Spice sv:Richie Spice
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Name | Sean Kingston |
|---|---|
| Background | solo_singer |
| Birth name | Kisean Anderson |
| Born | February 03, 1990Miami, Florida, United States |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Label | Beluga Heights, Epic, TM3 Records, E1 Music |
| Occupation | Singer, songwriter, rapper, actor |
| Genre | Hip hop, R&B, reggae fusion |
| Website | }} |
Sean Kingston (born Kisean Anderson; February 3, 1990) is a Jamaican-American singer. He pursued a music career and debuted in 2007 with the album ''Sean Kingston''.
"Sean Kingston was a rapper when we found him and it was a development process to get him more melodic. At Beluga we essentially refine the talent so that it's more of a marketable product."
In a venture between Epic Records and Koch Records, Kingston recorded and released the single "Beautiful Girls" in May 2007. The single, based on the bass line and lyrical "association" of the 1961 hit "Stand by Me" by Ben E. King, reached number one on the US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 for three weeks and topped the UK Singles Chart along with many other international charts. Similarly, the song "Me Love" samples the main hook out Led Zeppelin's "D'yer Mak'er", from their 1973 album ''Houses of the Holy''. The song also debuted at number one in Australia, where it knocked off Fergie's "Big Girls Don't Cry", which had been at number one for nine weeks. The song stayed on the Canadian Hot 100 number one spot for over six weeks before getting knocked down to third place by the Plain White T's. "Beautiful Girls" remained at number one in Canada longer than any other song in 2007. In 2007, Kingston was the opening act for Gwen Stefani's ''The Sweet Escape'' Tour and for select dates on Beyoncé's ''The Beyoncé Experience'' Tour. Since Sean is a Jamaican singer, he got his stage name "Kingston" from the capital of Jamaica called Kingston, Jamaica. Which lead him to having the stage name "Sean Kingston".
Kingston co-wrote Jason Derülo's "Whatcha Say". He also found the R&B-reggae singer Iyaz on MySpace and signed him to his record label. He also recorded the track "Miss Everything" for the UK girl-group Sugababes studio album Sweet 7 which was released March 15, 2010 in the UK. Kingston and DJ Khaled are being featured on Bow Wow's new single "For My Hood", from the upcoming movie, ''The Lottery Ticket''.
Kingston represented the continent of America to sing the Official Theme Song of the Singapore 2010 Youth Olympic Games, ''Everyone''. He collaborated with four other international artists representing their continent, South African Jody Williams representing Africa, Singaporean Tabitha Nauser (Asia), British Steve Appleton (Europe), and Australian Jessica Mauboy representing (Oceania) However, Kingston was unable to attend, the Singapore Youth Olympics 2010 opening ceremony, due to passport mix ups. Sean was invited to featured on Cash Money Records/former So So Def member Bow Wow on his single "For My Hood". He performed it with him along with DJ Khaled on BET's television program 106 & Park the day after release.
Sean Released his first mixtape King Of Kingz on February 3, 2011 as a free Download only. The mixtape includes guest appearances by Akon, Flo-Rida, Soulja Boy, Justin Bieber, B.O.B and Tory Lanez.
Kingston will release a mixtape with pop star Justin Bieber, called ''Our World''. It will feature about 12–14 songs and includes their versions of songs like "Pretty Boy Swag" and "Billionaire". The mixtape is finished and Kingston showed his fans a preview on uStream on August, 19, 2010. The release date is yet to be confirmed. Kingston also went on to perform on first leg of Bieber's tour. On April 25, 2011, Kingston performed at Cross Roads Hotel in front of 2,000 people in Lilongwe, Malawi. Kingston was recently in Zimbabwe performing there and is scheduled to perform in Ghana in June 2011. He performed a street concert on April 29, 2011, at Utah State University.
Sean appeared on the Nick Jr. Original Series ''Yo Gabba Gabba''.
He was also featured as a guest star on the 2009 remake of ''The Electric Company''.
He made appearances on the MTV reality show ''The Hills'' and ''MTV's Cribs''.
In 2010 he appeared in the "Party On!" episode of the Disney Channel series ''The Suite Life on Deck'' as himself and performed his latest single "Dumb Love"
In 2010 he appeared in Katy Brand vs. series on ITV2 in the United Kingdom
For his 21st birthday, Sean appeared on MTV's ''My Super Sweet 16''.
;Studio albums
;Official mixtapes
Category:1990 births Category:Living people Category:American emigrants to Jamaica Category:American male singers Category:American people of Jamaican descent Category:American pop singers Category:American rappers of Jamaican descent Category:American reggae musicians Category:Epic Records artists Category:Hip hop singers Category:Jamaican people of American descent Category:Jamaican male singers Category:Jamaican pop singers Category:Jamaican rappers Category:People from Kingston, Jamaica Category:People from Saint Ann Parish Category:Rappers from Miami, Florida Category:Reggae fusion artists
cs:Sean Kingston da:Sean Kingston de:Sean Kingston es:Sean Kingston eo:Sean Kingston fa:شان کینگستون fr:Sean Kingston ko:션 킹스턴 id:Sean Kingston is:Sean Kingston it:Sean Kingston he:שון קינגסטון sw:Sean Kingston lt:Sean Kingston hu:Sean Kingston nl:Sean Kingston ja:ショーン・キングストン no:Sean Kingston km:ស៊ាន ឃីងស្តន pl:Sean Kingston pt:Sean Kingston ro:Sean Kingston ru:Шон Кингстон simple:Sean Kingston fi:Sean Kingston sv:Sean Kingston tl:Sean Kingston th:ฌอน คิงสตัน tr:Sean Kingston vi:Sean Kingston zh:尚恩·金斯顿This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| name | Shane Dawson |
|---|---|
| size | 175px |
| birth name | Shane Yaw |
| birth date | July 19, 1988 |
| birth place | Long Beach, California, U.S. |
| occupation | YouTube video maker (actor, comedian) |
| yearsactive | 2008–present |
| known for | Sketch Comedy, vlogging |
| website | }} |
Dawson's career began when he and several friends would turn in videos instead of homework in high school. Dawson's first videos on Youtube were old assignments that he turned in during high school.
In November 2009, he was featured on ''Attack of the Show!'' In 2010, Forbes magazine named him their 25th most famous web celebrity.
Shane Dawson currently resides in Sherman Oaks, California.
In August 2010, he announced that he was going to write a TV pilot and post it on his main channel, featuring himself and his characters from previous videos, about him in high school.
| ! Year | ! Category | ! Award | ! Result |
| Best Vlogger | The Streamy Awards | ||
| Choice Web Star | Teen Choice Awards | ||
| Choice Web Star | Teen Choice Awards |
Category:American Internet personalities Category:Living people Category:1988 births Category:People from Long Beach, California
ar:شين داوسن de:Shane Dawson et:Shane Dawson es:Shane Dawson fr:Shane Dawson it:Shane Dawson he:שיין דוסון nl:Shane Dawson ja:シェーン・ドーソン pl:Shane Dawson pt:Shane Dawson ru:Доусон, Шейн sk:Shane Dawson sl:Shane Dawson fi:Shane Dawson sv:Shane Dawson zh:谢恩·多森This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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